In early January, the Office of the Director of National Intelligence said that Russia, under the orders of its president, Vladimir Putin, engaged in cyber-attacks aimed at influencing the outcome of the 2016 US presidential election. Though there’s no evidence that hacking led to voter fraud or irregularities with the Electoral College, it was sufficiently worrisome to lead Arizona senator John McCain, a Republican, to say, “Every American should be alarmed by Russia’s attacks on our nation.”